An Introduction to Psychological Assessment & Psychometrics by Keith Coaley

Author:Keith Coaley
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781473904309
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Published: 2014-11-17T05:00:00+00:00

Early Days

We looked at the life of Francis Galton, his ideas about intelligence and his discoveries, in Chapter 1. Sometimes described as the forefather of intelligence testing, he thought that this could be measured directly using biological techniques based upon the senses. The first use of the term ‘mental test’ came when James McKeen Cattell developed Galton’s methodology to include tactile and weight discrimination in his attempt to establish a quantitative approach. At the beginning of the twentieth century new attempts were developed by Binet and Simon with the aim of being able to predict differences in the performance of children. Binet thought that sound judgement, understanding and reasoning, representing higher mental processes, were important, and developed measures involving coordination, verbal knowledge, recognition and the execution of simple commands (Binet & Simon, 1916). The outcome was a standardized test (Terman & Merrill, 1960) designed to assess reasoning ability and judgement, which included:

• following a lighted match with the eyes;

• shaking hands;

• naming parts of the body;

• counting coins;

• naming objects in a picture;

• recalling digits after being shown a list;

• completing sentences having missing words.

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